Multiculturalism and Discrimination in the Classroom

The world was once made up of black and white nations. The color of one’s skin was an indication of where someone came from. This was most likely the scenario of the world, at the very least, a hundred years ago. Racism was rampant and very public throughout the world, but now racism is not as transparent especially in the United States. For this reason people must become more open and attuned to different attitudes held by individuals. One area where racism should be looked at is in classrooms. It is well documented that people have preferences or cognitive preferences without even realizing it. A teacher therefore, has extremely powerful ability to not only give certain children preferences but also treat students different with or†¦show more content†¦Every human being there is subconscious tendencies that one will feel safer and more at home with people of like-mindedness. (166) These tendencies translate to similar backgrounds. The affects are discriminatory ideo logy within each neighborhood. Unless schools aggressively try to diversify itself within schools the ideals and mindsets of students will not weaver nor will the mindsets of a community. Within schools the ideals of teachers can often weaver how students function. A study by Daniela de Souza Canovas and Deisy das Graà §as de Souza found that although teachers might have the best intentions for each student they may set opinionated mind sets. This is especially true when teachers have Latinos, blacks and in some cases women. It has been by the study by Canovas and Souza to find that students perform in lower standards when teachers mention that Latinos, blacks or women are statistically proven to have done poorer then whites or Asians. This pretense makes it possible those students who have teachers that believe will performer lower will in fact perform below average just because a teacher plants the seed of inferiority. In contrast with the same questions, some tells students of t he same race that Latinos or blacks perform better on these types of test they performer higher. This presents an argument that if a teacher off hand says something in relation towards performance of certain groups it will affect student outcomes. Probably the bestShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Literacy And Bullying Is Through Education849 Words   |  4 Pagesbe instrumental teachers of multiculturalism to fight discrimination and bullying is through education. Through classroom libraries, teachers can provide a wide variety of multicultural books. Elementary classroom libraries are an essential tool to assist in building cultural awareness and acceptance of diverse family units, races, creeds, learning abilities; therefore bullying will decrease and greater understanding among students will develop. 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This ideology is astoundingRead MoreThe History of Multicultural Education Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesof discrimination, intimidation and inequality. During this period, pressure was placed on the Federal Government to examine their roles in the perseverance of inequalities when it came to Multicultural Education (Russell, Robert, The History of Multicultural Education, 2011). It can be compared to â€Å"Affirmative Action† where whites were asked to leave behind their own point of view and gain knowledge of the traditions of Multicultural groups (Taylor, Samuel. The Challenge of Multicultural ism InRead MoreRequirements Needed to Create a Multicultural Classroom1207 Words   |  5 Pages For a multicultural classroom to exist, it must flourish upon students’ cultural differences and use them as a foundation for development. However, modern day public schools are rarely welcoming of cultural differences and tend to educate students as if they are all programmed one specific way. 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There are numerous strategies and programs designed to promote multiculturalism. Programs that familiarize teachers with their students backgrounds, along with knowing how to lead an open discussion about current issues. We live in nation that is the melting pot to many generation and cultures from around the world, it’s about time we start acknowledging that in our classrooms.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Christine Sleeters book White Bread she touches on the topic of â€Å"approaches to andRead MoreCulture Has On The Process Of Learning And Teaching1382 Words   |  6 Pageson teaching and learning. Using critical theory, French considers the complexity of students differences and how they are not always viewed positively in an educational context. These differences can have an impact on their participation in the classroom which then impacts on their learning. The challenges of linking diversity with practice for preservice teachers was explored by Virginia E Causey. In a longitudinal study, Causey examined various approaches to diversity that were used in a UniversityRead MoreClassroom Management And The Environment989 Words   |  4 PagesClassroom management is integral to the environment in which students learn. Classroom management serves to regulate the behaviors, practices and focus of students to elicit participation. When enacted in a culturally responsive way, classroom management extends to consider how a student’s culture influences their motivations and behaviors. Calloway indicates, â€Å"a positive relationship was found to exist between classroom management and cultural teaching† (Calloway, n.d, p. 5). Responsive teaching

Cousin Marshall and the Role of Responsibility, Charity,...

‘Cousin Marshall’ and the Role of Responsibility, Charity, and Suffering Harriet Martineau, in her story â€Å"Cousin Marshall,† addressed the separate spheres of work and responsibility between a husband and wife in the figures of the Mrs. Bell and Mrs. Marshall. Martineau intended the story to act as a lesson to her readers and this is reflected in the dualistic portrayal of the two women. Cousin Marshall is portrayed as the height of womanly responsibility and suffering while Mrs. Bell is portrayed as a blight on society. Martineau assigned the financial management of the household to women. While she did indicate that it was the husband’s role to bring in wages, it was the wife who was responsible for maintaining and managing†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"the coals we got did not last half the winter through; for my husband likes a good fire when he can get it†¦I had to sell one of the blankets† (12). Marshall, on the other hand, rebukes her through her own exemplary condition. â€Å"I do wonder you can bear to live from hand to mouth in that way†¦you got your first set of baby-linen at the same time that I did†¦why yours should not have lasted as well as mine, I can’t think† (12). According to Martineau, it is the woman’s responsibility not only to maintain the household, but to do it responsibly with the greater good of the community in mind. Marshall’s refusal to burden the system with her own needs is indicative of Martineauâ₠¬â„¢s ideal of wifely responsibility. Finally, the notion of suffering plays an interesting role in Martineau’s story. Marshall’s death, â€Å"the close of [her] very long life, was not altogether so serene as the character of its days of vigour might seem to deserve† (Martineau 125). In spite of her frugality and her staunch insistence on personal responsibility, she dies nearly penniless, with only enough money to pay for her funeral. She exists this way as a result of her refusal to depend on the charity of others, public or private. It seems in many ways that it was part of her duty, her responsibility, in Martineau’s eyes that she suffer without protest and without complaint. Martineau firmly placed the blame on the system, however, not on Marshall’s choices. ‘I hope,’ said Mr. Burke, ‘thatShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Comparative Advantage of Sexual Divisions of Labor5471 Words   |  22 Pagessocial structures that arose to keep the pressures of population in check. The second perspective argues that a comparative advantage is a socially constructed idea and not rooted in the biological history of the race. Martineau in her story â€Å"Cousin Marshall† delineated the life of what she saw as a virtuous and noble woman. Virginia Woolf, however, decried what she saw as the deplorable poverty of women in A Room of One’s Own. Her solution, however, only served to further separate the spheres ofRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagestheir situation within the domestic sphere and the conditions under which they labored to expand the career oppo rtunities available to them at different times and in diverse settings. She places special emphasis on the important but often overlooked roles they played in politics, particularly those associated with resistance movements, and their contributions to arts and letters worldwide. Drawing on the essay collections and series on women in world history that she has edited over the past decadeRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSupplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name Index 705 Subject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management

Analyse three film trailers Essay Example For Students

Analyse three film trailers Essay I have chosen to analyse three trailers and within these trailers the topics I have decided to look at specifically are: the use of clips: speeds, breaks the use of voice-overs or not and what affect it creates, the music and sound effects used on the screen and how effectively they promote the film. The three trailers I have chosen to look at are, James Bond, Die Another Day where James Bond teams up with another spy to defeat a common enemy. Spiderman a movie about Peter Parker a boy who is bitten by a radioactive spider and gains spider powers. Who then uses them to fight evil in the city. Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, is about Frodo being left a ring with evil magic and a group of friends from different races join together to help him destroy it. The clips in Spiderman start off with a few quick clips of Spiderman swinging around the city fighting thieves and rescuing people. These clips are effective here because they show part of the theme of the original series showing comparisons to it. Then there is a bright flash and the clips start to slow down and we see Peter Parker, an ordinary kid going to high school with his friends and leading a normal life. This show that the writers are trying to tell us that this could have happened to anyone and that there was nothing special or weird about him before this happened. Then the speed of the clips starts to increase showing Peter Parker bitten and mutating into Spiderman and fighting evil. Bright flashes and explosions get brighter and faster with clips being shown of Peter in-between the explosions. In the trailer it does not tell the audience what the experiments are for which makes them want to watch it to find out. Then it ends with the ending clip from the series Spiderman swinging around the city showing that this is a movie that is closely based on the original. As in Spiderman the clips in Lord of the Rings start off slowly. Showing a peaceful middle earth with Gandalfs wagon slowly riding through a quiet little town. But then the speed of the clips starts to go up with scenes of destruction taking over and people running around everywhere in a mad frenzy trying to escape. It uses many of the same techniques as Spiderman with bright flashes and flames showing the action genre of the film. It is easy to see how the two action films are portrayed using the same methods and techniques laid out in a similar way for similar films. The trailer helps to promote the film to all audiences, those who have read the book and to those who just want to watch it for the action and excitement. James Bond is another action film similar to the other two, but it is different in many ways. Bond is a genre in itself. It doesnt have to grab the attention of the viewer like ordinary films it already has it. Any Bond film has the attention of everyone as soon as it is released. Yet it still has to be enticing but simply by confirming peoples expectations of a bond film. The opening clip of the trailer is of an apparent sea but it then turns into the bodies of women. One of the main things that are considered necessary in all Bond films. As they are a typical part this helps to reassure the viewer that this is a true Bond film. Clips of Bond through a gun of ice, as it fires and the bullet explodes out of it. Firstly it sends a cold sudden shock down the audiences spine, awakening them and making them alert to everything from then on. This is good advertising because it also creates an eerie feeling of suspense again making the viewer watch everything from then on. As the gun fires the clips change to quick clips of exciting action scenes from throughout the film. Clips of action reassure the audience that this Bond film will have just as much action and excitement as any other Bond film. .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 , .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .postImageUrl , .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 , .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65:hover , .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65:visited , .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65:active { border:0!important; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65:active , .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65 .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u509f641463d19528491465c5f1089b65:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Truth of the Big Fish EssayThe clips in the trailer have been joined in a way so that they drastic quick scene changes are rapid and fluent. They are separated with short black frames to give a definite end to each scene. Then the ice gun reappears and a silhouette of a woman blows the smoke away and it transforms into the title graphics. The director uses this to end the trailer because it gives a definite end, with the bullet being shot. And it symbolises the essence of Bond with a woman blowing it away. The voices heard in the three trailers used are quiet different, creating different effects each suited for the individual trailer. In Lord of the Rings the main voice heard is of Gandalf talking virtually in a voice-over form, slow and descriptive. Talking of the evil and destruction that will take place if the mission fails. It creates a feeling f tension and suspense in the viewer saying what could happen yet not giving away the ending for those who have not read the book. It also has a few memorable line from the book such as if you want him come and claim him! by Arwen. And You shall not pass by Gandalf. This creates an impact into the viewer because it makes them wonder what these lines mean in the entire context of the film because that is not given only the lines themselves. In Spiderman there isnt a voice over. They use the voices of the characters on screen, which works well in the trailer. So it doesnt tell the plot away but enhances what is seen on the screen. Very much American voices, appealing to that market. In contrast to Lord of the Rings this trailer tries to explain what is being seen t that moment in the trailer whereas in the Lord of the Rings it says what could happen.

What Is the Current Role of the Bric Economies in the Global Economy free essay sample

It`s obvious that the BRIC countries are catching up fast. Nevertheless, their current role in the global economic is still relatively small in terms of GDP at market price. Main body Capital The BRIC countries, and in particular China and Russia, hold a great quantity of surplus capital. By far China holds almost $1. 5 trillion foreign exchange reserve which is the largest proportion of the world exchange cover (Paola, S. (2008). Together with Russia, India and Brazil, these countries hold almost half of the world’s foreign exchange reserves. The surplus of these countries’ current accounts reflects their economies’ position in the global economic, as big exporters of both manufactured goods and commodities in the global supply chain (Paola, S. (2008). Purchasing-power-adjusted GDP With purchasing-power-adjusted exchange rates being applied to the comparison of GDP, the role of the BRIC countries in the global economic becomes more important. With regard to purchasing-power-adjusted GDP, these countries’ share of the global economy is almost 24 percent due to BRIC countries` lower price levels. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Current Role of the Bric Economies in the Global Economy? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, USA is still the largest economy. China moves to the position of the world’s 2nd largest economy, followed by Japan and India in respectively 3rd and 4th position in terms of purchasing-power adjusted GDP (Goldman, S. (2004). Growth factors Accompanied by high economic growth rates, the BRIC countries’ economic development reveals fundamental differences in growth factors compared with market economies such as the USA, Japan and Germany. For instance, the high growth in China is seems from strong expansion of capital input, as well as growth in both labor productivity and technological progress in the form of total factor productivity (S. Schmalz amp; M. Ebenau. (2012)). However, the contribution from a larger workforce has been smaller. India shows almost the similar growth pattern. Brazil’s economic growth is primarily based on accelerated accumulation of production factors (S. Schmalz amp; M. Ebenau. (2012)). Moreover, to some degree the Russian economy is based on raw materials extraction which is sensitive to price. Compared with developed countries, the economic growth of the BIRC countries has fluctuated more strongly. The fluctuations in their growth make a large contribute to the global cyclical fluctuations Conclusion The sustained high growth in China and India in a long period indicates that these countries have succeeded in sustainable development. As a bloc, the BIRC countries has play a more and more important role in the global economic, but they are at a distance from the developed countries.

Energy Drinks Essay Essays

Energy Drinks Essay Essays Energy Drinks Essay Essay Energy Drinks Essay Essay The usage of energy drinks in the United States has increased more than the controversial ingestion of regular sodium carbonates. Harmonizing to Coca-Cola executives. net incomes from energy merchandises since 2005 through 2008 will number $ 540 million. compared with $ 210 million for regular soft drinks. $ 130 million for bottled H2O and $ 290 million for athleticss drinks ( Warner ) . So what is it about this drinks that make them more popular than our pure and critical H2O? The reply is really simple ; our feverish life styles. Today’s society is filled with exhaustion and high emphasis degrees ; many people rely on energy drinks to give them that 2nd air current. which helps them remain awake through a trial. and even resuscitate them for a party. Harmonizing to Simmons Research. 31 per centum of adolescents in the United States say they drink energy drinks on a regular footing. Peoples use energy drinks to hike their energy so they can be able to execute better. but because energy drinks contain ingredients that harm the human organic structure they should be banned all over the universe. There are some factors that increase the popularity of energy drinks. For illustration the easy to catch construction in which they are packed. The little container makes it speedy to imbibe down. and the smaller graduated table gives the feeling that the contents are more concentrated. which attracts the consumer even more. The colour of the energy drinks is another ground for their popularity ; a combination of bright and graphic colourss such as acidic leafy vegetables and yellows. black and ruddy suggest a sense of energy and high public presentation. The enigma spirit in energy drinks is another ground why these drinks are consumed in surplus. Compared to a typical juice offering. there is small or nil about energy drink packaging to state the consumer what the merchandise tastes like. Alternatively. the in writing accent is more on the consumer’s esthesias and attitude than spirit or thirst ( Patterns ) . It is hapless to see how large companies and makers of these merchandises use the ignorance and deficiency of cognition of people to do a net income. Unfortunately we can non victimise ourselves and fault everything on them. We are responsible for what we do and I believe that we should make some research before we buy a merchandise that is evidently non natural at all. Energy drinks are made up of caffeine. taurine. guarana. ginseng. gingko. ephedrine. B vitamins and many other sugars. Caffeine is one of the most active ingredients in energy drinks ; it is a psychotropic substance found in the beans. foliages and fruit of over 60 workss ; it stimulates the nervous and cardiovascular system. Taurine is an amino acid that our organic structure of course produces. but in energy drinks the taurine is a man-made component. It helps modulate pulse. musculus contractions. and energy degrees. Normally our organic structure makes plenty so that we don’t need to supplement. Guarana is derived from South America workss and it contains about three times more caffeine than java beans. It stimulates the cardinal nervous system. cardiac musculus. every bit good as the respitarory system. B vitamins aid change over sugar to energy. Ginseng is an herbal stimulation used to bring around. from emphasis to hapless memory to diabetes. Gingko is another herbal stimulation that is used to handle memory loss. concerns. pealing in the ears and depression. Ephedrine is a stimulation. used as a decongestant in interventions of asthma. The chemical construction is similar to pep pills and Methedrines. This stimulation is found in weight loss pills. it speeds up metamorphosis by doing energy that is acquired from nutrient to fire faster. These ingredients do non sound harmful at all. Many of them are natural and even good for our wellness. So why have energy drinks been banned in a few states? Lashkar-e-taibas me now introduce to you the negative sides of all these ingredients. Harmonizing to Roland Griffiths. a professor in behavioural biological science. the sum of caffeine that is necessary to bring forth dependence and backdown symptoms is about 100 mgs a twenty-four hours. A can of energy drink has 80 to 160 mgs ( Warner ) . Some of the side effects that the usage of caffeine creates are dependence. diarrhoea. voluminous micturition and concerns. It besides increases the bosom rate. blood flow. respiratory rate. and metabolic rate for several hours. Caffeine causes anxiousness. crossness. high sensitiveness to resound. and self-mutilations. There are four caffeine-induced psychiatric upsets recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition: caffeine-induce anxiousness upset. caffeine-induced sleep upset. and caffeine-related upset non otherwise specified ( NOS ) . Caffeine is besides associated with a high hazard of developing Parkinson’s disease in work forces. The side-effects that taurine causes are about the same as caffeine. but many people claim that it kills your bosom. since it is found in the cardinal nervous system. skeletal and is more to a great extent concentrated in bosom tissues and the encephalon. Taurine found in energy drinks is a man-made vitamin that does non execute the same maps in the human organic structure as vitamins found of course in whole nutrient foods would. These vitamins really deplete the organic structure of other foods. and pull your kidneys before being excreted through the piss. The side effects of Ginseng are nervousness. insomnia. and diarrhoea. The effects of gingko are restlessness. disquieted tummy. diarrhoea. and purging. A soft drink normally has 19 to 25 gms of sugar in each eight-ounce helping. Energy drinks on mean contain more than this. Red Bull. for illustration. contains 27 gms of sugar per helping of 250 millilitres ( a little over eight ounces ) . This can be really unsafe. for an overload of sugar can take to stomachic voidance. This frequently consequences in sickness and emesis. As it was stated above each of the ingredients that a energy drink contain have several and powerful side effects when taken individually. conceive of how unsafe they be can when taken all at the same clip. Peoples are utilizing energy drinks as an surrogate for proper remainder. nutrition. and exercising like the spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association. Roberta Anding said ( Ellis ) . Many wellness jobs can develop from the deficiency of proper remainder like a weakened immune system. depression. high blood force per unit area. fleshiness. and diabetes. The best replacement of energy drinks is H2O. Our organic structure is 55 to 75 per centum made out of H2O and its benefits are infinite. Water improves energy. additions mental and physical public presentation. removes toxins and waste merchandises from the organic structure. keeps the tegument healthy and glowing. helps to lose weight. reduces concerns and giddiness. helps digestion. helps the bosom work better. reduces emphasis. and prevents urinary piece of land infections by blushing out drosss from the organic structure. Many people that do non like to imbibe H2O can replace the energy drinks with natural juices such as orange which are 87 percent H2O or by eating Cucumis sativuss which are 95 percent H2O. Milk is another liquid that can replace energy drinks. Milk is our first beginning of nutrition when we are born ; we are fed with this liquid before he can digest other nutrient. Milk is made out of concentrated fat. protein. Ca and vitamin C. Saturated fat provides the edifice blocks for cell membranes and it besides acts as a bearer for vitamins A. D. E and K. This fat makes the lungs healthier. prevents stroke. and protects kidneys from diseases. Calcium makes up 70 per centum of the bone weight and gives it strength and rigidness. Vitamin C helps the organic structure produce a basic constituent of connective tissues called collagen. Collagen is an of import component in the blood vas walls. gums. and castanetss. Vitamin C maps as an antioxidant. it helps hike immune map protects against malignant neoplastic disease. cataracts. impairment of the retina. and other chronic diseases. Nowadays we live in a society that is ever on the spell and we are ever looking for ways to acquire more energy to be able to acquire through school. work or any other responsibilities that we may hold. But seting our lives in danger by devouring energy drinks is non deserving it. The authorities should decidedly make something about it alternatively of allowing some people get rich by the ignorance and deficiency of cognition of most of the people that consume these harmful drinks. Clayton. Lawrence. Amphetamines and Other Stimulations. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Inc. . 1998. Ellis. Steven. Energy drinks bubble up. The Christian Science Monitor. 7 June 2007. 20 November 2007 Goldish. Meish. The Dangers of Herbal Stimulants. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Inc. . 1998. Gustafson. C. J. The Health Benefits Of Drinking Water. 2005. 22 November 2007 Warner. Melanie. â€Å"A Jolt of Caffeine. by the Can. † New York Times 23 Nov. 2005. 20 November 2007.

Industrialisation in Post-Civil War America

Industrialisation in Post-Civil War America Free Online Research Papers Industrialization can be briefly defined as: The development of social organizations, generally in nation-states in which large manufacturing enterprises loom large and in which adjunctive legal institutions supporting laissez-faire philosophies of market relationships and providential public and private services grow with tandem. Therefore, industrialization should be discussed in the context of economic, social and political factors: conditions in which technological innovations have their full impact on the transformation of economy. It is impossible to elucidate industrialization in Post-Civil War America and not to involve all this vast number of factors that influenced its development. If one would try to define it solely in the context of technological discoveries, it would provide a very superficial explanation; neglecting other factors would eventually lead to the dangerous path of telling historical untruth. The truth is that industrialization is much more complex, although it could not happen in this form without its technical inventions that made the 21st century world possible. For example, the creation of industrial society would not take this shape without significant discoveries of new managerial practices that set the basis of modern capitalistic society: the prevailing economic system of nowa days, of which America is the most superb example. There is no doubt that this topic would deserve discourse of a much larger extent. Concerning the restrictions of space that has been given to me, I will not be able to present a wider context of the Post-Civil War industrialization. I find it most important to present its frame and historical background, its most important characteristics and its legacies. I will also try to include the most prominent cultural and social changes, focusing on the ones I find to be the most essential. Industrialization, Incorporation and Development of Capitalist Economy In the Post Civil-War era, the United States experienced most rapid and intensive industrialization and urbanization. The factor of war should not be excluded: the war needs significantly stimulated countrys economy, especially iron and steel industry that continued to flourish after its end. The development of technology combined with vast raw material deposits (at the beginning, coal, then iron and oil) contributed to the growing power of the nation, completely transforming its economy, including the economic system itself. Discussing the backgrounds of Industrialization process, it is important to mention that American Post-Civil War industrialization, considering roughly period between years 1865 and 1900, took place in a â€Å"laissez-faire† capitalist environment. It is not that this environment was artificially created, newly developed capitalist relations created such conditions. In this early phase of its development, economic relationships were not yet well developed, which made enough room for unscrupulous practice and exploitation of labor. People who had benefit from such conditions advocated the policy of economic liberalism, or â€Å"laissez-faire economics†. In French Laissez-faire means leave to do, and the Scottish economist Adam Smith is to be given credit for popularizing the term in the 19th century. His famous work The Wealth of Nations (1776) had great influence in 19th century economic thought. Adam Smith explains that the best way in which the economic growth can be stimulated is to let the individual initiative to operate freely and pursue its self-interest, and that the personal progress of that initiative will lead to the benefit of society as a whole. Opposing the principle of economic interventionism laissez-faire doctrine advocates the minimum necessary interference of government. Economic laws of free competition should act as an â€Å"invisible hand† that will maintain a certain order in economy. The personal greed element that Adam Smith mentions in his philosophy had immense power in the development of industrial economy in Post Civil-War America. Entrepreneurs’ greed did lead to economic growth; however, it did not lead to the benefit of whole society but to the progress of a few. During the Post Civil-War industrialization period in United States, a small number of corporate giants came to dominate whole industries, took over the market and destroyed many smaller businesses that were swallowed by their great competitors. Avoidance of governmental regulations (which was always advocated by unscrupulous industrialists) led to exploitation of labor and turned out to be completely inadequate in solving numerous social problems. The most important social change that this period has brought was undoubtedly the rise of a new, numerous working class, in contrast to a small-numbered class of capitalists, and the increased social gap of this newly created industrial society. The development of railroads was of extreme importance from the earliest period of industrialization. They stimulated the settlement of the West, the trade, and railroad companies influenced the economy by inventing new managerial practices and pioneering the consolidations of smaller businesses. Thus, the incorporation of America came along with its industrialization and the development of the capitalist economic system. Railroads and New Managerial Practices Hoping to encourage settlement and exploitation of resources in the West the U.S. government promised railroad companies 20 square miles on the both sides of the tracks for every mile of it laid. The result was that, between 1965 and 1900, railroad lines increased from 35,000 to 192,000 miles, which was more than the whole Europe had at the time. Only four years after the Civil War, with the meeting of Union Pacific and Central Pacific railway at Promontory Point in Utah, the first Transcontinental Railroad was completed. It united the country physically, opened vast lands for cultivation and for investors vast raw materials deposits such as coal, oil and iron. As railroad companies had their interest in creating future customers for their services, they endeavored to settle the areas where their tracks were laid. Promontory Point, Utah. May 10, 1869 On May 10th, 1869 New York Times wrote: The inhabitants of the Atlantic seaboard and the dwellers on the Pacific slopes are henceforth emphatically one people†¦ The new highway thus opened to man will†¦ develop the resources, extend the commerce, increase the power, exalt the dignity and perpetuate the unity of our Republic†¦ Railroad companies thus made fortunes and grew in size. They gained such economic power that they started to influence state and federal governments. It is not surprising then that it was the railroad companies that started developing new managerial practices, such as selling stocks to raise the needed capital. They first started creating trusts, which were the most primitive forms of joining companies that free market’s laws of competition imposed on them. Some of these railroad entrepreneurs were the first to start a policy or buying and consolidating their weaker and smaller competitors. Other industries followed the example and started adopting these practices. Rise of Corporations The rise of the corporation U.S Steel is one of the best examples how great corporations were created in this period. One of its founders Andrew Carnegie came to the U.S. from Scotland at the age of 12. After getting experience in railroad industry and making farsighted investments he was the first to apply new railroad managerial practices in iron industry, that is, integrating his business both horizontally and vertically. After his Carnegie Steel was sold to banker J.P. Morgan, the newly created U.S. Steel company was the first corporation in the U.S. to capitalize over 1 billion dollars. Other industries followed the examples of railroads as well, and soon, a great number of small businesses competing for the market were replaced by oligopoly, an economy dominated by a few corporate giants. Thus, the downfall of small business contributed to the rise of working class. Andrew Carnegie’s best customers were railroad companies. The steel industry transformed the country finding application in building industrial machines and skyscrapers. The rise steel industry in the U.S. also marked the beginning of capital goods: the production of goods which are used in production of other goods. By 1890 the United States took the first position in the world in steel manufacture due to its cheap labor, abundance of raw materials, as well as the discovery of Bessemer process that made high quality steel production possible. In the mid 1890 the internal combustion engine and automobile were invented, creating great public demands for oil. It led John D. Rockefeller, the famous entrepreneur, to develop his Standard Oil company in the same way as Carnegie: through horizontal and vertical integration of business, and further on, to expand to other business as well, such as meat, harvest, tobacco, leather etc†¦ Technological Revolution and Industrial Revolution Industrialization generally connotes the idea of a â€Å"process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant.† Thus, this process leads a society through a transition of social and economic changes that are mutually conditioned. Post Civil-War industrialization brought great changes to the everyday life of an American: new transport and building methods changed the living conditions dramatically. Implementation of new technology and usage of machines that cut the production costs brought a revolution in industry that lasted until the first decade of the 19th century, and at the same time the beginning of serial production marked the start of modern capitalism. New inventions between years 1860 and 1900 were the most important factor in the United States industrialization; however, the role of entrepreneurs should not be neglected. Without their enrollment and capital many of these inventions would have probably been lost. In his book The Rise of Industrial America the author Page Smith tries to explain the technological revolution of this era: â€Å"For one thing, the entrepreneurial spirit (or, more simply, the desire to make as much money as possible), a spirit which existed from the beginning of the Republic†¦ appeared to be a passion without limits†¦ â€Å". Indeed, between years 1860 and 1890 440,000 patents were issued, but it is important to know that great historical changes are always conditioned by environment, and that everything that was accomplished in the field of science was reciprocally conditioned. The entrepreneurial spirit or greed could have also been important factors, but such a progress would not be possible without being tightly linked with adequate social and cultural factors. For example, the development of communications and transport certainly lead to the spreading of technical knowledge. It is said that â€Å"need is the mother of invention†, but in the context of American industrialization, the saying could be understood also in a sense of â€Å"a need for more profit†, since companies that made fortunes on inventions normally invested into further research and stimulated innovations. In discussion of inventions in this period it is important to mention inventions that were in the domain of telecommunications. In first years after the Civil War of great importance was electrical telegraphy perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1844. The invention of telephone of 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell had significantly sped up information exchange and had truly enormous impact on both economic and industrial development. In brief period it became so popular in the U.S., that within a half century 16 million telephones were installed. Among the most important inventions that also stimulated business were the inventions of typewriter in 1867, of the adding machine in 1888, and of the cash register in 1897. Among the most eminent innovators of the period was Thomas Edison, who was particularly celebrated for perfecting the light bulb; however, the use of electricity for lightening developed slowly. Edison is also given credit for the invention of phonograph, mimeograph, dictaphone, motion picture camera and film. Of great significance was also Nikola Tesla’s work: his electric motor invention replaced steam engine in factories. Entrepreneurs of the period also perfected techniques of mass production, while electric railway and electric dynamo significantly stimulated urbanization. Numerous implements that were discovered for gas rapidly increased its demand. Conclusion Industrialization brought great changes to the United States in the period after 1865 and made America a leading world power. However, the price of it was great pollution of the environment, increased social differences between classes, the poverty and vulnerability of the newly created working class. In this early stage of the development of capitalism, the society has divided into high, middle and massive working class that worked long hours for extra profit that was accumulated into the hands of industrialists. The social gap between classes increased as the economy of many small businesses was replaced by oligopoly. The development of railroad companies that stimulated trade and its consolidating into large enterprises was followed by the rise of corporations in all other industries. Inventions followed the ideas for better quality of products and quality of life, while companies that made fortunes on inventions financed scientists and innovations. Notably, innovations reduced the demand for working power in agriculture as well, while factories in cities needed workers. Thus massive Post Civil-War industrialization and its inventions caused fast urbanization and changed the demographic image of the country. Apart of such indirect factors that changed the nation, many inventions such as telephone had a straightforward impact on the lives of Americans. The industrialization in United States, however, was not of local character: it left an enormous legacy to nowadays world and its effects are visible in every sphere of modern civilization. It came along with scientific discoveries that had a great impact to the development of global civilization as well as the social world order, influencing lives of every nation, and thus, every inhabitant of the world. Research Papers on Industrialisation in Post-Civil War AmericaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

The Australian Federal Government has proposed the mandatory filtering Essay

The Australian Federal Government has proposed the mandatory filtering of internet content, to make certain types of illegal content unavailable - Essay Example Through this, the people will know what they’re dealing with and will be able to create preventive measures on their own. Filtering of information can be considered as taking away a person’s right to get knowledge and learn from that information. With the filtering act, getting materials and information needed for studies and prevention, say for example child pornography and terrorism, will be limited, or even restricted. Access to the sites related to these extreme actions, including violence and sex, will allow people to figure out how to deal with these social problems and even eliminate it. Everyone has the right to know and learn, but if the public can only access limited information, people will crave for more to get the information and might result to more law violations and criminal acts. Even the rarest of the law that has ever been passed or implemented had violations on record, and since almost every person on earth is aware about the existence of internet and how materials for any reason can be accessed through it, people would still try to find a way to access it and obtain that information. With the technology nowadays, there are always means and ways to hack accounts. And the more restriction put into accessing certain websites would result to more incidents of hacking and infiltration. Aside from this, since the filtering act is a government project, the government may and can actually restrict information that would expose the bad side of the government. (Australia to Implement, 2008). Aside from television, radios and newspapers, the internet is also a reliable source to get information in current events. A lot of things happen in the government everyday and words spread faster in the internet. With the filtering act, the government can actually sort out information that they don’t want the

Information Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information Law - Essay Example It has been implemented in most part of the world and most of the states are becoming more and more transparent to the people. Globalization has ensured that ideas, goods, information, capital and people are moving across the nations. Local concepts and ideas are quickly made global in this era of globalization. This law is the result of socio-economic and technological forces that has made the government to be more responsive. This has been created and supported because of the ongoing export and import of knowledge across the countries. Shared assumptions and beliefs help in solving the problem at hand. While all these are the reasons for bringing in the Access to information law in many of the countries across the world, it is good to analyze the reasons behind forming this law and whether the law has achieved what it set out to do. The major objective of this exercise was to make the government more trustable (Heald & Hood 2006). This report presents the analysis and the outcome of this analysis towards this target by the government. One of the major reasons for the introduction of FOI by most of the countries is to bring in transparency in governance. Most of the governments are able to get away with moderate or low performance levels because they are not being transparent. When the government becomes transparent in its work, people of the country will be able to ensure that the government works efficiently. This would also ensure service delivery of appropriate standards. There will also be a greater understanding of the governmental decisions and the reasons behind specific actions. On many occasions such decisions and the reasons behind such decisions are largely hidden. This would bring about a condition of superiority or alienation of the public resulting in large scale discontent with the government over a period of time (Colin Bennett Aug 2001). On the contrary, with the increase in transparency levels of the operation of the government, people get to know the reasons behind their actions. This results i n better understanding and appreciation. This would ensure that the government decision making is open for comments and public evaluation. Therefore, the executives of the government would tend to make reasonably accurate decisions which would also ensure that the government operates efficiently catering to the needs of the people more closely. This in turn, would build confidence in the government and public trust. In a broader sense, the government becomes more accountable. All this is made possible by the transparency of governance brought about by this law. Therefore, this forms the major purpose of the act. The transparency in administration and governance is a natural progression in the civil rights over the centuries (Leone & Anrig 2003). With the improvement in the technological frontier and the extent of improvement in the communication has resulted in an increased reason to go for large scale transparency in governance. The impact of information and communication technology in the way information is shared has been profound. This has led to more ways by which people are able to access information. The number of sources has drastically increased. The interactions between people have also grossly increased. It has become cheaper to interact than what it was earlier. An NGO is able

Financial Aid Essay Example for Free

Financial Aid Essay The role of financial aid in college access and success is immense. Lack of adequate financing of education make many students from low income backgrounds fail to realize their educational aspirations (Reindl, 2007). It is from this premise that obstacles which accompany financial aid to low income students come to fore. The influence of aid on the enrollment persistence of students consists of interrelated factors which include timing, amount and type of aid and how they correlate with persistence among other attributes that relate to students (Pascarella Terenzini 2005) Although it is prudent to consider the positive implications of financial aid to needy students, especially those of the minority groups that have felt sidelined for long, the question of how best to carry out the financing should be looked into. Many a student in higher education fails to achieve high academic performance due to their inability to focus on academics prompted by frustrated efforts to get financing. Financiers of the education of such student need to look into their procedures to be followed by students seeking financing of their education. This is in terms of the conditions to be satisfied by the needy students as well as the length of time the financial assistance will take before the recipient gets his / her college account credited. The reason for this is that not all institutions have provision for late arrival of the aid. The implication therefore if the aid delays is that the student will be forced to be out of the institution for some time, a matter which may make them fail to do their exams, tutorials, researches and vital lessons. In the long run such students will have low aggregate points and consequently failing to achieve their r personal educational and life goals. When the aid delays, or when the procedures to be followed in securing one prove to be too taxing, students get undue stress. This has far reaching implications both in terms of their health and general academic performance. In the long run, assistance will be a problem added to their financial incapacitation (Immerwahr 2003). Literature review Several researches have been undertaken on the problems that students under finance aid scheme face. Most of them point to the fact that financial aid can be an impediment and not a solution to students’ academic issues related to finance especially if the student fraternity is not informed of the availability and procedures In his journal â€Å"With diploma in Hand: Hispanic High School Seniors Talk about Their Future†, Immerwahr, J. (2003) uses interviews to highlight the challenges that these students faced in college as far as financial aid among other things are concerned. He interviewed 50 Hispanic High School seniors in San Antonio, Santa Clara Tucson, Chicago and New York. His findings were that many students on financial aid had difficulties at the end of it all because the aid was unpredictable making the students to be stressed. This is echoed by Stampen and Cabrera, (2007) who used questionnaires and interviews in their quest to know the effects of financial aid packaging on attrition and Pascarella and Terenzini (2005) in their journal How College Affects Students: A Third Decade of Research who use the same methods to expound on what affects students in college. A variety of issues are raised including the moral and social growth for some and despair for those dependent on finance aid which in most cases is unpredictable. Students may also fail to estimate how much in terms of amount of aid they require. The amount they get can be less than what is sufficient for them to complete their education. The aid that they get can be in the form of loans, work study opportunities or grants and scholarships. In the case of work study opportunities, the students may not get sufficient time for their studies as they are required to work also. This creates a lot of stress on the aid beneficiaries according to Voorhees (2005). Voorhees used on campus surveys in drafting his Student finances and campus? based financial aid: a structural model analysis of the persistence of high? need freshmen. Bias in aid allocation translates into variables exhibited by students in terms of their academic performance (Titus, 2006; Rubin, 2004). Using propensity score matching, it was established that there is a significant difference between financially aided and unaided students. Results based on five thousand freshmen at a public university in the US and retention in second year before and after noting their GPA and math experience showed that there is a relationship between aid influence and enrollment persistence (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella Terenzini, 2005) When looking at the issue of aid extension to low-income students, it is imperative that women be also assisted. This is because they are more likely to be affected more than their male counterparts, in most cases being affected by stress when they fail to secure aid in time to enhance their studies. Financial aid influences the retention of students based on their estimated family contribution. The challenge here is that those students whose families’ contribution is less than $4000 have higher chances of getting lower GPA’s (Adelman, 2004; Pascarella Terenzini, 2005) Methodology and Findings Since there are individual disparities that may affect the performance of the students who may be getting the same financial aid, this study used propensity score matching model which cater for the variables that may be of demography nature, or pre-college experiences. The new freshmen were categorized into those that get aid in form of loans or grants and those that do not get any aid at all. The two groups were then subjected to a comparison, that is, those that get aid package vis-a-vis those without any aid in their first year. The group that did not get any aid was called untreated. The methodology used (estimated propensity score) helps in ridding the bias based on self-selection. The effects of aid bias may not be fully accounted for using this method of study (Titus, 2006; Lunceford Davidian, 2004) as other unaccounted for reasons may come into interplay. The amount that the students are able to get from their families affect the outcome of the study. It categorized the students in terms of those who could pay for their education and those who could not. In the findings that have been tabulated, the columns that are unmatched show the effect of aid without making a match of students on propensity for aid assistance. The matched average effect column is used as a control for the bias in aid selection. The matched average untreated and matched average treated give the probable retention results if the aided student(s) had not been aided or if the unaided one had received some financial assistance. Matched students with an average possibility of receiving aid are more likely to persist into their second year of studies compared to those with low aid chance. This study furnishes separate estimates by EFC in gauging the influence that financial aid has on student retention. An EFC of 4000 dollars and less encompasses students from low- income background eligible for grants. These students got an aid of between $2000 and $ 3000 in their first year while middle income students with $ 4000-10000 receive between $ 800- 900 aids. Those with Expected Family Contribution (EFC) of more than $ 10000 receive less to no aid at all, only relying on merit-based aid. They however show a greater possibility of remaining in college in their next academic year as compared to their aided counterparts who have higher remaining need after using their aids to pay for schooling. There is no correlation between the net persistence of students with $ 4000-$10000 EFC in their GPA or math experience and the aid they receive. Gift aid for those with high EFC increases their persistence by 18% meaning that the more EFC these students have, the better they work towards their academic endeavors (Dowd, 2004). The following are the tabular summaries of the information obtained from the study. Not all parts of the study have been tabulated but only the seminal ones. From the literature analysis and the results of this study, some issues are apparent: Financial aid to low- income students may greatly hamper their studies if we look at the securing of the finances. If the aid delays, the students get stressed up and may therefore not concentrate in class. Those who do not know the whole procedure get more problems because their studies are hampered. The effect of the Expected Family Contribution on the capability of the learner to proceed to the next year has been shown. The less the EFC a student is capable of raising, the lower their performance and possibility of proceeding to the next year. Those with EFC of more than 10000 dollars show no effect if not given an aid but show considerable possibility of proceeding to the next year and also of passing well. References Adelman, C. (2007). Do we really have a college access problem? Change (July? August): 48? 51. Bodvarsson, O. B. Walker, R. L. (2004): Do parental cash transfers weaken performance in college? Economics of Education Review 23: 483? 495. Caison, A. L. (2006): Analysis of institutionally specific retention research: A comparison between survey and institutional database methods. Research in Higher Education 48(4): 435? 451. Dowd, A. (2004): Income and financial aid effects on persistence and degree attainment in public colleges; Education Policy Analysis and Archives, 12(21). Herzog, S. (2005): Measuring determinants of student return vs. dropout vs. transfer: a First-to-second year analysis of new freshmen; Research in Higher Education 46 Immerwahr, J (2003): With Diploma in Hand: High School Senior Talk about Their Future. NCPPHE (8): 883? 928. Lunceford, J. K. , and Davidian, M. (2004): Stratification and weighting via the propensity score

Heraldry :: essays research papers

Heraldry is a system of signs and symbols, which originated in the Middle Ages as means of recognizing warriors on the battlefield. Since armor or coat of mail was worn, it was not difficult to distinguish friend from enemies even at some distance, for each man wore a uniquely designed shield. Medieval Heraldry originated early in the 12th century in Europe. Back in the earlier centuries when they battled, the knights could not distinguish between the opponents or their own kind, because the armors were very similar. So the knights began to decorate their shields with different colors and shapes so they can know who to kill and who is on their side. Also it helped see them from a distance. The design wasn?t the only thing. The knights wore a simple coat to protect them from the sun. By doing this it became known as heraldry. As a result of their success, families of the winners displayed the arms as a sign of accomplishment. Heraldry began as an art and has developed into a complex science with its own rules. The coat of arms consists of the shield, the mantle, the helmet, the wreath, and the crest. Kings and queens first used them. The shield shapes vary according to time period. The colors on the shields meant different things. For example, yellow and gold meant generosity, blue meant loyalty, and white and silver meant peace and sincerity. The shield also has fur, and that suggest a mark of dignity. The mantle represented the cloth that hang from the wreath, and it was also used to protect the head, back, and neck. The helmet varies with the bearer's rank and the century represented. The wreath is usually a primary color and is metal. The crest is whatever appears above the helmet, and there is always a crest on a coat of arms. Blazon is a formal description of, most often, a coat of arms or flag, which enables a person to construct or reconstruct the appropriate image. The officers of arms developed the system of blazoning arms that is used today since the dawn of the art. This includes a description of the shield, the crest, and, mottoes. An understanding of these rules is one of the keys to sound practice of heraldry. The rules do differ from country to country, but there are some aspects that carry over in each jurisdiction.

I’m the King of the castle by Susan Hill Essay

I’m the King of the castle by Susan Hill is a chilling tale of a childhood bully. The story tells the tale of how a boy called Kingshaw is driven to suicide by his companion Hooper. Kingshaw and his mother moved from their rented apartment in London to Hooper’s cold and evil home the Warnings so Mrs. Kingshaw could provide company for Mr. Hooper and a mother role for Hooper while her son Kingshaw could provide a companion for Hooper to make a friendly family home. The parents are very superficial both lacking their partner for many years and they both lacked the ability to show their love to their children. Instead of showing their love they turned a blind eye to the bullying of Kingshaw and pretended that every thing was fine because their relationship was becoming closer. Little did they know that the closer they became the more chilling and frightening the relationship between Hooper and Kingshaw became. Early on in the book Hooper and Kingshaw learn their roles of Bully and victim respectively and throughout the book the story relies on the balance of power between Kingshaw and Hooper. In my opinion the story I’m the King of the castle revolves around hate, cruelty and isolation. Before Kingshaw came to Warnings Hooper and him were both happy but the parents were alone, as the parents became closer and grew to love each other Kingshaw and Hooper grew to lean their roles as Hooper was not an experienced bully and Kingshaw was not experienced at being a Victim to torment and isolation. Even though the final tragedy of the death of Kingshaw is mainly down to the torment of hopper the parent’s failures contributed to the final tragedy a great deal, as many of their failures were fatal. Both parent did not know how to bridge the chilling gap between them and the children, neither want to show their love as they are to self absorbed and neither wanted or even tried to provide stability. Even though I’m the King of the castle was quiet depressing I enjoyed it nether less because I found the story very moving and alarming. I thought the book was very well written and it flowed well. I thought that many of the characters and their situations were convincing even though I thought the final tragedy was a bit extreme. I thought the book was set in the exactly the right scene, even though this book was written many years a go it still provides the everlasting chill of a childhood bullying tale and brings you to think of all the recent tragedy’s caused by bulling. I would recommend this book to anybody interested in the horrors of child hood bullying and to a bully or a Victim who need to learn a lesson. I think this book is suitable for any one above the age of twelve. I would quiet like to read another of Susan hills books such as the Woman in Black as the theater production was chilling and I enjoyed her style of writing.

History of Western Art Essay

It entered into the register in 1593 and was there for a period of 47 years. Venus is the goddess of love, while Adonis is a handsome mortal. The woman image (Venus) is seen, assisted by a small child, trying to restrain Adonis from setting off. The woman is naked while the man is in a hunter’s attire. Some hunting dogs are also seen by the man’s side. This painting shows only a small part of Adonis and Venus. The artist focused only on the two characters; Venus wanting Adonis’ embrace but Adonis is refusing and this is clear in the painting. It can also be seen that behind her, there are some flowers and a small thicket. In this painting the artist has tried to use the least poses or none at all. This makes it unique from most other paintings. Another ingredient of the uniqueness of this painting is that the artist has fairly restricted the gestures belonging to the two hovering figures. He has actually used calmness in such a situation that is so emotional. Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe (1863) This was first presented to the salon in 1863. There is minimum use of lines. A naked woman with two men seated together in an absurd manner. At the background is another image of a woman slightly bending and appears to be bathing and facing the two men and the woman. The background is also dark as compared to the foreground. In fact, the woman looks brighter than anything else. The naked woman has her clothes spread all over with some food stuff in a basket at the lower side end, while one of her legs is stretched towards one of the men’s own space. How these two men are seated suggests that they have no business to do with the woman and they seem to be communicating with each other. Being ignored, this woman chooses to just look at the viewer shamelessly. On the other hand, the two men are in attire which is actually decent and it probably was fashionable during this period. And contours here have not been used; the artist has utilized light and paint. It is evident that a viewer’s emotional response will be determined by the image of the naked woman and at the first glance, will be left wondering about the situation that these two men are in; nicely dressed men sitting next to a blatant woman who has not even a single piece of a covering on her body, in fact on an open. Grande Odalisque by Ingres Created in 1814, it fit into the romanticism of between 1750 and 1850. It was fist shown in salon in 1819. It again has an image of a naked woman lying in something like a sofa and also posed in an unhurried manner. She has a small head, looking at the viewer, and a stretched out arms and legs. She has only shown her back and small part of her breast in the ingress painting; it is polished smoothly on the surface and has simple contours drawn round in a rhythmic manner. The eventful material by the woman’s side complements the smooth body planes. The painter seems to be bringing out a relationship between colors and tone in a way that it is hard for one to forget. During this period, the concubines had a duty of merely satisfying sultan’s bodily pleasures. For this purpose, the artist has symbolically elongated the area around her pelvis. Furthermore, the way this woman has posed and her position in relation to her pelvis is an illustration of how deep and complex the emotions and the thoughts of the woman are. The romantic founders cast-off some common approaches and looked for freedom of expression through their art work. By doing this, they concentrated much on freedom in self-expression, mantic love, individualism, and adventure. Another dominant concept they used is the inspirational idea of dealing with pain, terror, power and darkness. This, of course, is not difficult for humans. Hence romantic artists have engaged a variety of styles and ways in their work even in neglecting the strict academia. This is displayed by Ingress in his Grande Odalisque work. From the above, it can be seen that the three images differ in some way. First, how the paintings are done differs from one another. For instance, while we are have wide use of lines and contours in Grande Odalisque, minimal of these features are employed in the Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe. another. The difference is that, the images were produced at different times and hence their themes are also different and each has a theme that is in line with the period it was created. Thirdly, we have different artists for the different images and as such since every artist has a different taste from another, definitely their work will be different. In as much as these differences exist, there are also similarities between these images. It is clear in all images that romance has been the major, or one of the major, themes and in every case the main character is a woman. Another major similarity is the nudeness of the women in every image. With all these, I still disagree that these nudes were consistent with the general trends of the period. This is because at some instances, the nudes behaved in a very awkward manner such as staying completely naked in public, and leaving the viewer questioning their moral standards. The difference is as a result of the fact that the artists have different ways of symbolizing events ant ideas and, as said earlier, they have different tastes. The similarity is as a result of the fact that each of the artists wants to divert from the tradition of the academic style and wants to embrace freedom. Every artist in these three images has shown the woman to be the major character and a suitable object of bringing out the real feeling of what each of them wants to communicate. Nudeness was actually such an enduring subject in western art because every one of the images tries to bring out a theme in the best way possible and every artist did not want to be left behind and subject of the nudes had to be considered by them. References Calley G. K. , (2000). â€Å"Romanticism†. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

12 Fantastic Volunteer Opportunities for Teens

12 Fantastic Volunteer Opportunities for Teens SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Interested in volunteering? Volunteering is a great extracurricular activity that looks good on college applications. Volunteering shows colleges that you dedicated your time and effort to helping others! Not sure what volunteer opportunities are available to you? There are a lot to choose from! In this article, I’ll tell you what volunteering entails, list the types of volunteer opportunities for teens, and give a brief description of each. What Does Volunteering Entail? The exact tasks you’ll be doing while volunteering will vary by volunteer activity. However, all volunteering is essentially like having an unpaid job.You’ll be given a specific set of duties (which will vary based on where you choose to volunteer - if you're working at an animal shelter you’ll have different tasks than if you're working as a tutor for homeless youth). As a volunteer, you’ll be trained for your specific job, and you’ll be required to make a time commitment.Most (if not all) volunteer programs spend time and money training you to be a volunteer. They want to make sure that if they’re going to spend resourceson you that you’re committed to them.They expect you to commit to volunteering for at least one shift per week for a few months if not a full year.Again, the exact commitment will vary by volunteer program. Below, I’ll explain how to find out exactly what your volunteer work will involveand how to sign up to be a volunteer. 6Types of Teen Volunteer Opportunities I’ve organized this list of volunteer opportunities for teens into six subcategories: Hospitals Animals People in Need Literacy and Education Museums Community and Environment NOTE: Exact opportunities will vary by location.If you live in or close to a metropolitan area (New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, etc.), you’ll likely have access to all of these volunteer opportunities. If you live in a more rural area, you may have access to feweropportunities. HospitalVolunteer Opportunities Thinking abouta career in medicine? Being a hospital volunteer is a great way to test out that interest and see if you enjoy working in a hospital setting.Typically, you have to be 16 or older to volunteer, and the hospital volunteer jobs you’ll be allowed to do as a teen will be more limited than hospital volunteer jobs for adults ( i.e. you won’t be allowed to do any jobs that require driving). For more information on hospital volunteer opportunities along with information on how to sign up, read our complete guide to being a hospital volunteer. Animal-Related Volunteer Opportunities Love animals? Interested in being a veterinarian or zoologist? Just hoping to play with animals in your spare time?There are several different animal-related volunteer opportunities for teens. One option is beingan animal shelter volunteer (usually you have to be 16 or older).As an animal shelter volunteer, it’ll be work first and then play. You’ll spend a lot of time cleaning up after the animals, feeding the animals, and helping potential adopters through the adoption process. After finishing these tasks, you will get to play with the animals.For more information on what being an animal shelter volunteer entails, along with information on how to sign up, read our guide to volunteering at an animal shelter. If you’re too young to be an animal shelter volunteer or if you don’t have the time to dedicate to working shifts every week at the animal shelter, consider signing up to be a foster volunteer.This opportunity means taking care of an animal at your house until it is adopted. You’ll need your parent's support and permission to foster animals. If you’re interested in being a foster volunteer, make sure that you and your family have the time to dedicate to caring for the animals you foster. If you’re interested in working with wild animals (rather than dogs and cats) or if you’re too young to volunteer at an animal shelter, you might want to see if you can be an animal sanctuary volunteer or zoo volunteer. Typically, you only need to be 14 or older to volunteer at an animal sanctuary or zoo.You will only be able to take advantage of this opportunity if you have an animal sanctuary or zoo in your area. If you don’t, the next best opportunity will be being an animal shelter volunteer. Before starting your volunteer work, most zoos/sanctuaries require you undergo a training program (the length of time will vary). During the training program, you’ll learn about conservation and ecology issues, biomes, and the species of the plants and animals at the zoo/sanctuary. Why do zoos and sanctuaries make you undergo an intensive training program?As a volunteer, you’ll be assisting with the educational programs offered there. You may even be running some of the lectures by yourself. The zoo/sanctuary wants you to be extremely informed so that you’ll be able to answer the questions you’re asked by visitors. Note: As a zoo/sanctuary volunteer, you most likely will not be allowed to interact with the animals. The people who work at these placeshave years of training and experience. These animals can be dangerous and need to be handled with care.You will not be getting the same training and will therefore not be allowed to have the same interactions with animals.Instead, you'll be doing the activities mentioned above (helping with educational programs and lectures). If you’re interested in signing up to be a zoo/sanctuary volunteer, conduct a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Zoo Volunteer† or â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Animal Sanctuary Volunteer† to find opportunities in your area. People in Need Volunteer Opportunities Interested in helping the homeless? Consider volunteering at your local soup kitchen.As a soup kitchen volunteer, you might cook food, help distribute food to the homeless, and clean up the food and plates/utensils. Note:Soup kitchen volunteering is oftennot as regimented as other volunteer opportunities. Many soup kitchens allow you to just show up for a shift without signing up in advance. Also, many soup kitchens are only open a few days per week. However, this will vary by soup kitchen. To find a local soup kitchen andtheir volunteer policies, Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Soup Kitchen Volunteer.† If you’d like a slightly more regular volunteer activity that helps the homeless, consider signing up to be a food bank volunteer. Food banks typically allow volunteers 14 and older.As a food bank volunteer, you’ll help sort, inspect, and repackage donated food items from local food drives and donations.It can be a tediousjob, but it’s very important to make sure families in need are getting good, non-perishable food. To find a local food bank, Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Food Bank Volunteer.† Interested in helping the elderly?You should consider volunteering at your local nursing home.As a nursing home volunteer, you might help with meal delivery, cleaning up meals, helping the elderly with daily tasks, or entertaining an elderly person (by reading to them, talking to them, watching movies with them, etc.). To find a local nursing home, Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] Nursing Home Volunteer.† Interested in construction? Want to help people in your community find homes? Likeworking with your hands? Consider becoming a volunteer with Habitat for Humanity.As a volunteer, you’ll be assisting in the construction of homes for people who couldn’t otherwise afford a house. You’ll be putting nails in the walls, painting, and more.Habitat for Humanity operates in most of the US. To find an opportunity near you, check out the Habitat for Humanity website. Literacy and Education Volunteer Opportunities Love being around books? You should consider being a library volunteer.As a library volunteer, you may organize books, help repair books, help visitors locate books, help visitors use the computer, or help younger students with their homework. Find out how to sign up to volunteer at your local library by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] library volunteer.† Interested in becoming a teacher or helping other students with their homework? You should consider becoming a volunteertutor.As a tutor, you’ll help elementary or middle school students with their homework. There are various volunteer tutoring organizations throughout the country. Consider checking outSchool on Wheels, which offers free tutoring to homeless youth. It's a great option because you can participate no matter where you live.If you live in an area where School on Wheels operates, you will meet up with the program participants in person and tutor them one-on-one.If you live outside the area in which School on Wheels operates, you can still volunteer by becoming an online tutor, and you’ll tutor via Skype (or a similar program). To become a tutor, you must have a 3.0 GPA or better and must submit a letter of recommendation from a current teacher.To learn more about volunteering through School on Wheels, visit their website. Do you love writing? Consider checking out 826, which needs volunteers for their free after-school tutoring as well as other programs (field trips/writing workshops). 826 offers free tutoring and other programs to encourage students to get excited about their writing. There are 826 branches in Los Angeles, Valencia, NYC, Boston, Chicago, Michigan, and Washington, D.C. To explore other volunteer tutor opportunities in your area,Google Search â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] VolunteerTutor.† Museum Volunteer Opportunities Interested in someday working at a museum? Have a fascination with art, science or history?You may want to be a museum volunteer. Most museums offer volunteer programs for teens ages 16 or older.If you live in a rural area, you may not have access to this opportunity, or you might be more limited in your museum volunteer opportunities ( i.e. you might only have an art museum to volunteer at but no natural history museum).Find out what museums are in your area by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] museum.† As a museum volunteer, you’ll educate guests about museum exhibits, conduct workshops and demonstrations for visitors, and/or provide administrative support (help with ticketing and directing visitors).Find a museum volunteer opportunity in your area by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] [Museum Name] volunteer.† Community and Environmental Volunteer Opportunities Interested in helping the environment? Consider signing up to be a beach cleanup volunteer or forest/park/nature cleanup volunteer.Similar to being a soup kitchen volunteer, volunteering to do a cleanup is not as regimented as other volunteer opportunities. You usually just sign up to do one day and then can sign up for future cleanups if you want. You do not need to make a long-term volunteeringcommitment. As a cleanup volunteer, you’ll be helping pick up garbage on the beach or in the forest or park.This is an extremely important for reducing pollution and helping little creatures (many ingest or get tangled in our trash). To find a cleanup opportunity near you, search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] [beach, forest, or park] cleanup volunteer.† Do you enjoy gardening? Look into becoming a volunteer in a local community garden.This is a non-traditional volunteer opportunity in that you most likely will not be interacting with people. You’ll likely be given a portion of a community garden thatyou’re responsible for maintaining. Don’t worry! You don’t need to be a gardening whiz. You’ll receive training and support from the coordinators. Find a garden volunteer opportunity in your area by doing a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Hometown Name] community garden volunteer.† How Should You ChooseYour Volunteer Opportunity? With so many volunteer opportunities available to you, how should you decide what to do? To pick the perfect volunteer opportunity, you need to ask yourself a few questions. First, what are your interests? Do you love reading? Consider volunteering at a library. Do you love science? Mayvolunteering at a science museum is the best option for you. Is there a future career you'd like to explore?Are you interested in potentially being a doctor or nurse? Consider volunteering at a hospital to test out that career path. Are you thinking aboutbeing a veterinarian? Consider volunteering at an animal shelter. What are your favorite causes? Do you aspire to stop climate change? Consider volunteering for a beach/park/forest cleanup. Do you want to help the homeless? You may want to volunteerat a food bank or soup kitchen. How much time do you have to commit to your volunteer opportunity? Can you commit to volunteering for 4 hours every other week? If you can, great! You can do any of the opportunities listed above. However, if you're not able to commit to volunteering that often, consider trying to volunteer at a cleanup or at a soup kitchen, both of which require no long-term commitment. What is the age requirement?Most of the volunteer opportunities require you to be 16 or older, so if you're younger, your options may be somewhat limited. If you're under 16,you can volunteer at a soup kitchen, food bank, or zoo. You might be able to do one of the other volunteer opportunities, but you'll have to contact the specific volunteer programs to ask. Would you rather work with people, animals, or by yourself?Most volunteer opportunities listed above involve interactions with people and helping people. However, you don't have to work with people. If you volunteer at an animal shelter, you'll be working mostly with animals, and as a garden volunteer, you'll work primarily alone. Take all of these considerations into account when picking your volunteer opportunity, and hopefully, the answers to these questions will guide you to the perfectvolunteer match! Why Should You Volunteer? Volunteering has many benefits.Through volunteering, you'll get to explore a passion you have (such as literature or medicine).Also, by volunteering, you can support a cause you love such as helping the homeless.You can also meet like-minded students, who share your passion or want to support that cause. Volunteering is a great opportunity to test out whether you’d like to pursue a specific career (such as medicine, education, etc.).It's great to try and find your passion in high school, so you don't waste time and money during college trying to figure out what you want to major in.If you don’t enjoy volunteering at a hospital, maybe pre-med isn’t for you.If you love volunteering at an animal shelter, maybe you should pursue a career as a veterinarian. Volunteering is also a great extracurricular for your college application.It shows you selflessly dedicated your time and effort to helping others!Additionally, volunteering is a free experience that won’t cost you anything other than time. However, there are a few negative aspects of volunteer work.Volunteering can be extremely time-consuming.If you’re passionate about your volunteer work, hopefully, you'll be willing to dedicate 4 or more hours per week (or every other week) to volunteering.If you don’t like your volunteer work, you may find the time commitment to be a burden. If you don’t have the time to commit to regular volunteer work, consider trying one of the volunteer opportunities with no lengthy time commitment (such as being a soup kitchen volunteer or beach cleanup volunteer). Some students may find their volunteer work boring.As I said above, at a lot of these jobs, you’ll be doing menial work (cleaning up, answering phones).I still think it's valuable to try volunteering. If you don’t enjoy your initial volunteer work, consider looking into a different volunteer opportunity or looking into an entirely different extracurricular activity. What’s Next? Interested in learning about other extracurricular activities? Learn more about joining student council or joining a sports team. Do you want to volunteerover the summer? Learn more about the best volunteer abroad programs. Interested in doing a pre-college program over the summer? Learn more about Emory Pre-College Program and Boston University Summer Challenge. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Free Essays on The Growth Of Jane Eyre

Jane does grow in the book Jane Eyre. The theme of the book is Jane’s continual quest for love. Jane searches for acceptance through the five settings where she lives: Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield, Moor House and Ferndean. Through these the maturation and self-recognition of Jane becomes traceable. It is not until she runs from Rochester and Thornfield that she realizes what she really wants. Jane is able to return to Rochester finally independent, with a desire to love, as well as be loved. In the beginning Jane seems a strong character who is very rebellious; In the Victorian times it was considered â€Å"deceitful† for a child too speak out. Jane wishes to overcome this. And she does when she says, â€Å"I must keep in good health, and not die.† (28). At Gateshead it became obvious Jane is self-willed and has a temper. An example of this is when Jane stands up to her aunt saying, â€Å"You think I have know feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness, but I cannot live so: and you have no pity.† (33). Here Jane makes her first declaration of independence. She will no longer be considered a secondary member of the Reed household. Jane wants more than anything at this time to be loved and she feels she will not have it because of al the things Mrs. Reed told Mr. Brocklehurst, and she displays her temper again, â€Å"I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you but I declare I do not love you . . .† (32). This fi ght led to Jane saying she will never call her â€Å"Aunt Reed† again. Which will show growth is Jane later. This is why Jane is rebellious. Jane learns she should not care so much what other people think of her. At Lowood Jane is repulsed by Mr. Brocklehurst and his â€Å"two-faced† character. Even so, Jane fines her first true friend. Helen Burns, another student at the school. By instruction, Helen is able to prove her messages. When Jane is punished in front of the whole school, she tries ... Free Essays on The Growth Of Jane Eyre Free Essays on The Growth Of Jane Eyre Jane does grow in the book Jane Eyre. The theme of the book is Jane’s continual quest for love. Jane searches for acceptance through the five settings where she lives: Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield, Moor House and Ferndean. Through these the maturation and self-recognition of Jane becomes traceable. It is not until she runs from Rochester and Thornfield that she realizes what she really wants. Jane is able to return to Rochester finally independent, with a desire to love, as well as be loved. In the beginning Jane seems a strong character who is very rebellious; In the Victorian times it was considered â€Å"deceitful† for a child too speak out. Jane wishes to overcome this. And she does when she says, â€Å"I must keep in good health, and not die.† (28). At Gateshead it became obvious Jane is self-willed and has a temper. An example of this is when Jane stands up to her aunt saying, â€Å"You think I have know feelings, and that I can do without one bit of love or kindness, but I cannot live so: and you have no pity.† (33). Here Jane makes her first declaration of independence. She will no longer be considered a secondary member of the Reed household. Jane wants more than anything at this time to be loved and she feels she will not have it because of al the things Mrs. Reed told Mr. Brocklehurst, and she displays her temper again, â€Å"I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you but I declare I do not love you . . .† (32). This fi ght led to Jane saying she will never call her â€Å"Aunt Reed† again. Which will show growth is Jane later. This is why Jane is rebellious. Jane learns she should not care so much what other people think of her. At Lowood Jane is repulsed by Mr. Brocklehurst and his â€Å"two-faced† character. Even so, Jane fines her first true friend. Helen Burns, another student at the school. By instruction, Helen is able to prove her messages. When Jane is punished in front of the whole school, she tries ...

Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Psychology - Essay Example Therefore, evolutionary theory becomes a theory of context and environment, so that the psychology of an individual is to be understood by taking into consideration the environment the individual lives in - past, present and future, as well as the changes that have occurred in this environment over a period of time. Culture is viewed as no more than the constantly changing social environment that reflects the changing perspectives of groups of individuals over time. Within the environment, organisms are competing for resources, however when employing an evolutionary perspective, it is not natural selection that determines which individuals will survive. The approach that can be employed is that certain kinds of individuals or patterns can be reproduced within a particular kind of environment. Hence, the evolutionary paradigm does not embark upon the study of an individual’s mind with any preconception about normalcy based upon what is considered to be natural, but as a factor of his or her environment, examining what factors shaped the individual’s past and present environment and what elements of the future environment are likely to shape the individual’s being, state of existence and manner of thinking. For example, in the context of the attachments that an individual has with others, Fonagy et al (2000) offer the view that attachment patterns may reflect environmental conditions, such as the low level of correlation between an infant’s attachment to its mother as opposed to its father. Montague et al (2003) examined attachment patterns and the imposition of punitive measures through withholding of attachment in both African American children and European American children, and noted while the environment of the former produced increased sel f reliance, the latter revealed a more negative effect of such withholding of affection, thereby indicating that changing environmental and other trends could play a

The purpose of the study is to determine if long-term reductions in Dissertation

The purpose of the study is to determine if long-term reductions in employee compensation, benefits, and incentives directly aff - Dissertation Example Having a clear understanding of the motivation of employees is tremendously significant to managers as well as the supervisors, particularly in the industries today where the limited budgets make it complicated to reward workers monetarily. The supervisors have to possess a clear idea of how the monetary incentives can motivate the employees to work harder in an organization (Bin Saeed, 1985). In order to analyze the effect of the long-term reductions in employee compensation, benefits, and incentives directly affecting the State of Colorado workers’ motivation, job satisfaction and morale, it is important to include the two well-known motivational theories i.e. Herzberg’s two factor theory (1959) as well as Adam’s equity theory (1963), into the project’s theoretical framework. The Herzberg’s Two-factor theory (1959), also commonly known as the motivation-hygiene theory, implies that there are certain factors at a workplace that result in job satisf action, while an entirely different set of factors cause employee dissatisfaction (Herzberg, 1959). According to the theory, employee motivation is influenced by two distinct factors. Psychological well-being and satisfaction were factors of the ‘motivation factors’, while dissatisfaction resulted from the ‘hygiene factors’. ... n the other hand, employee dissatisfaction is usually a result of missing extrinsic motivation factors or the hygiene factors, that include pay, security, conditions, and so on (Wigdor & House, 2006). If we take into consideration the decrease in hygiene factors of the State Workers for e.g. pay, security, and fringe benefits we see that over the previous 3 fiscal years (2007-2010) there was a decrease in typical intrinsic motivators (opportunities of advancement, statewide hiring, and promotion freeze). Herzberg’s theory helps explains the reasons for lack of motivation among the Colorado employees and their consistent job dissatisfaction. As the hygiene factors decrease, the employees lose their motivation to work and this is presumably characteristic of the department of EHS at CSU, since a steady decline in their motivational levels, job satisfaction and productivity is seen. Herzberg’s two factor theory can also be connected to Maslow’s levels of hierarchy i n order to provide comprehensive understanding of the fact that negligent incentives can contribute to employee dissatisfaction. Abraham H. Maslow made an effort to devise a needs-based structure of human motivation. Moreover, White & Pierce (2000) also imply that the foundation of Maslow’s motivation theory suggests that human beings are pushed forward by unsatisfied wants, and that some lower  factors need to be fulfilled before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, the needs can be divided into certain categories such as physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem, that must be fulfilled before a person can act selflessly. He gave these needs the name of "deficiency needs" (White & Pierce, 2000). Relating the research of Maslow as well as Herzberg, we understand that their